Macbeth and Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym Essay example -- comparison

Similarities between Macbeth, of Shakespeare's Macbeth, and Augustus,  of Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym In literature, when the natural order becomes skewed, a character may die to restore order.   Often, there is a savior who sacrifices his or her life so that other characters might live.   In "Macbeth," after the king is assassinated, the balance is disturbed.   "The night has been unruly: where we lay, Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say,   Lamentings heard I'th'air; strange screams of death, And, prophesying with accents terrible Of dire combustion, and confus'd events, New hatch'd to th' woeful time, the obscure bird Clamour'd the livelong night: some say, the earth Was feverous, and did shake." (Act II/ Scene III/ lines 53-60).   The king and rightful ruler of England was murdered and replaced by a dishonest, evil man who had no right to the throne.   Because the order in the world was disturbed, nature will continue to wreak havoc until Macbeth dies.   Lady Macduff explains to her son that a traitor is "one that swears and lies.   Every one that does s o is a traitor, and must be hang'd." (Act IV/ Scene II/ lines 46, 48-49).   Because he is a traitor to his country, Macbeth must die.   In The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, Augustus is the savior.   Augustus acts as a savior twice in the story when he sacrifices himself after a mutiny and an act of cannibalism have taken place.   Through his death, Arthur and Dirk Peters will survive a mutiny and the destruction of their ship.    Augustus first saves his friends after a mutiny has occurred on his father's boat.   After hiding his friend, Arthur, on board their boat, Augustus and his father set sail from Nantucket.   The plan was to hide Arthur on the ship for a few da... ...ceptible, and the skin of his cheeks hung so loosely as to prevent his masticating any food, or even swallowing any liquid, without great difficulty†¦. About twelve o'clock he expired in strong convulsions, and without having spoken for several hours."(Poe, 342-343).   Because he was the savior, Augustus gave his own life in order to restore the balance and order of the world.    Like Macbeth, Augustus is the savior in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym.   One or more characters have disrupted the schedule and patterns in which nature operates.   The savior is the character or characters who sacrifice their lives in order to return nature to her regular order.    Works Cited Poe, Edgar A. Poe Selected Tales. Ed. Diane Johnson. New York: Literary Classics, 1991. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Kenneth Muir. Ontario: Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd., 1997.   

Summary of Napoleon’s Buttons Chapter 12: Molecules of Witchcraft

Introduction Between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries, many people died by cruel and horrible deaths of buring at the stake, hanging, or being tortured. The estimates of people killed ranged up to the millions which included men, women, children, and even aristocrats as they were accused of witchcraft. Although, poor and elderly women were the ones effected the most from multitudes of paranoia and delusions in those centuries. However, certain molecules played a role in this discrimination that ultimately led millions to their demise.Toil and Trouble Witchcraft, prior to 1350, was regarded as sorcery where one controls nature in their own interest by protecting crops or people and casting spells to influence or provide. It was accepted in Europe and it was only a crime if sorcery was used to harm. Indolent accusations were avoided because people victims of maleficium were able to seek help from a witch and only become liable for penalty if they were unable to prove their case. In all, witchcraft was just part of folklore.A new attitude emerged around the fourteenth century when Christianity was opposed to magic. It only allowed magic sanctioned by the church and not the ones conducted outside since they believed that witches were in league with the devil. The crime of practicing sorcery became so terrible in the eyes of people that by the mid-fifteenth century, there were no more trials for the witches, but accusations were enough evidence to kill. The deeds that people regarded with witches transgressed rationality, but they were still fervently believed.A large percentage of women were accused as witches since it was believed that whenever disaster stuck, people would exclaimed that women have been working together with demons at a witches' gathering. The killings definitely too its toll on both Catholic and Protestant countries as the height of the witch-hunt paranoia left no women in Swiss villages, some regions in Germany had its village population burned. In England and Holland, the accused had to undergo the water test that had them thrown into a pond and if they floated, they were a true which.If they were innocent, it was a comfort to their families, but they still drowned. As the witch-hunt terror gradually faded, the economy was threatened since so many people were accused and killed. When the Age of Enlightenment came, people opposed the madness and the witch-hunts ceased. So, by the eighteenth century, executions for practicing witchcraft came to a halt for the Church and state, but the public weren't ready to give up on the fear of witchcraft that built over the centuries. Although many of the women killed were herbalists who were skilled in using local plants to cure diseases and provide pain relief.They were often relied upon for spells or removal of hexes since some of their herbs had healing powers that would seem magical. Although, using the herbal medicine and prescribing them were dangerous because different pa rts of the plant contain ranging levels of effective compounds, like how plants from different locations can vary in their ability to cure or the different times of year they're harvested would change how much does they contain. Many plants were beneficial, but there were ones that can have poison depending on their molecules.So, the molecules in these plants may yet brand a herbalist as a witch. Healing Herbs, Harmful Herbs Many plants contain were used to relieve pain and prevent illnesses, like the salicylic acid in willow trees were used for aspirin or how the root of the celery were used to prevent muscle cramps. Also, Digitalis was an extract from the common foxglove and its molecules helped in reducing the heart rate and regularize heart rhythm. It strengthens the heartbeat too. The digoxin molecule helps with cardiac glycoside or the heart.For example, in 1795, a British physician named William Withering used the foxglove extracts for treating congestive heart failure. It wa s not until more then a century after that scientists were able to identify the molecule responsible for its curable abilities with cardiac glycoside. Three sugar unitsThe steroid ring system In the Digitalis extract, there are also many other molecules that's similar to digoxin, like the digtoxin molecule. It lacks the OH and similar cardiac glycoside molecules are in other plants that are often members of the lily or ranunculus families.The molecules have the same structural features though,so they're likely resposible for the caridac effect. All have five membered lactone ring that's attached to the end of the steroid system with an extra OH in between the C and D rings of the steroid system. lactone ring extra OH between C and D rings Molecules affecting the heart are not found in plants. Toxin compounds found in animals are similar to the structures of cardiac glycosides found in plants. The molecules don't have sugar or used as heart stimulants, but they are poison and have li ttle medical value.The venom is extracted from amphibians, like the frog or toad that are used as arrow poisons and the common anima attributed with witches since in folklore, it is said that many potions made by witches contained toad parts. Bufotoxin is a molecule that's an active component of venom from the common European toad. It's one of the most toxic molecules with structures showing similarities to the steroid system ring of the digitoxin molecule with same extract OH between the C and D rings. The difference is that it has a six membered lactone ring instead of a five membered. ix-membered lactone ring extra OH between C and D rings Bufotoxin is a cardiac poison and not a cardiac restorative, but in addition to toads and foxglove, another myth about witches was that they were able to fly. Many accused as wtiches confessed to flying and the possible chemical explanation is that it had to do with a group of compounds called alkaloids. Alkaloids, plant compounds, have more th an one nitrogen atoms that's usually part of a ring of carbon atoms. They have had a large effect on human history than any other chemicals and affects the central nervous system in humans.They're highly toxic, but they have been used as medicine for thousands if years. Chemical substances play a role in protecting plants since alkaloids are natural fungicides, insecticide, and pesticides. So, humans ingest about a gram and a half of natural pesticide every day from plants and plant products. This leads to the physiological effects on humans. Although they have been used medicinally for centuries. For example, Acrecaidine, alkaloid found in betel nuts, is used as a stimulant in Africa and the East.Ephedrine, from the ma huang plant, has been used in Chinese herbal medicine and now used as a decongestant and bronchodilator in the West. Members of the vitamin B family include; thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and niacin (B3). They're classed as alkaloids. Reserpine is used to treat hig h blood pressure and be a tranquilizer from the Indian snakeroot plant. Alkaloids don't just have toxicity, but they're also poisonous too. The hemlock plant, responsible for the death of philosopher Socrates in 399 B. C. , is the alkaloid coniine.Coniine has a simple structure, but highly poisonous than the complicated structure of strychnine from seeds of Asiatic trees. ConiineStrychnine Mandrake and henbane contains very similar alkaloids. The two main types are hyoscyamine and hyoscine, which are found in mandrakes, belladonna, and henbane in various proportions. Atropine is a form of hyoscyamine and is valued for its use in dilute solutions, like to dilate the pupil of the eye for ophthalmic examinations. Although, too much can be unsafe and the first symptom of atropine poisoning is the drying of bodily fluids.So, it is used in areas where there's hypersecretion of mucus or saliva that interferes with surgery. Scopolamine, a hyoscine, is used as an anesthetic. It has euphoric effects like atropine and prevents motion sickness. Difference between the two Scopolamine Neither atropine and scopolamine alkaloids are soluble in water. The â€Å"witches† of Europe knew that swallowing the compounds will lead to death rather than the euphoric, intoxicating sensations they wanted. So, the extracts of mandrake, belladonna, and henbane were dissolved in oils and applied to the skin.Witches also used these salves in regards with flying, although they weren't actually â€Å"flying. † The alkaloids brought on hallucinations which led to the sensations of flying among other things as the comalike sleep happens in the last stage. This temporarily escape from reality from these molecules brought confessions from those women and they were burnt at the stake. The Ergot Alkaloids There is another group of alkaloids that devasted communities with its effects. People attributed the disasters with evil spells casted by witches.They're found in the ergot fungus th at affects cereal grains such as rye. After bacteria and viruses, ergotism is the next-largest microbial killer, like how ergotamine causes blood vessels to constrict or how ergonovine induces abortions in humans. Also, large numbers of villagers most likely attained ergotism since rainy periods would envoke fungus to grow on the rye and poor storage promotes the growth. Most people thought their village was bewitched and blamed innocent women, especially if they don't have symptoms of ergotism.Even though ergotism was known for a long time, the cause being hinted around 600 B. C. from reports as the Assyrians observed â€Å"a noxious pustule in the ear of grain† and ergot alkaloids from â€Å"noxious grasses† caused miscarriages in cattle in 400 B. C. , the first recorded occurrence wasn't until A. D. 857 in Europe. There were periodic outbreaks that occurred up to the twentienth century. For example, ergotism played a role in reducing the effectiveness of Julius Caes ar's army and restricted him from his goals to enlarge the Roman Empire.Initially, ergotism seemed the answered the the Salem witch-hunts. The symptoms of ergot poisoning cannot be stopped, so victims would use that to their advantage and accuse neighbors. So, the suffering of these people and their families can be traced back to ergot molecules. Ergot alkaloids are toxic, but have a history of therapeutic use. For example, they were used to hasten birthds or help with abortions and today they are used to treat migraine headaches, postpartum bleeding, and be stimulants for uterine contractions in childbirth.Ergot alkaloids have the same common chemical feature; they're derivatives lysergic acid. The OH group of lysergic acid is replaced by a larger side group. Replaced OH group Lysergic AcidErgotamine In all, neither the atropine or ergot alkaloids caused witchcraft, but there effects were evidence against many women. In the medieval world, women were killed becaused they had knowle dge on medicinal plants, but it has proven to be helpful in the present-day world as there are many various pharmaceuticals. So, the folklore of the past can be of assistance to treating many conditions and diseases.

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Reflecting on the Past Brainstorming Activity - 647 Words

PSY202: Adult Development and Life Assessment 1 September 2014 Reflecting on the Past: Brainstorming Activity Growing up and all through life you experience life changing events, some are positive and some are negative, but they all have a direct effect on your life. I am going to discuss five life events that were significant to me and how I feel because of the experience. The greatest event I have experienced would have to be the birth of my three daughters. I didn’t know it was possible to love someone more then I love myself until I gave birth to each one of them. Words cannot express the range of emotions you feel knowing that you created a baby. My daughters have changed my life immensely and I don’t know where I would be†¦show more content†¦I had tried going to school after I had my first daughter but didn’t have the support system I needed to succeed. The opportunities that will come after I receive my degree will help me reach some of my goals. I am feeling a little overwhelmed right now trying to balance everything out but I am very excited to begin this new chapter in my life and strive to be the best provider for my family that I can be. My fifth and final major life even would be when my parents go divorced. I was only two years old and don’t remember many of the details, but I do remember that my mom did her best to make sure that my sister and I did not feel ‘different’ because we only had one parent in the house. My mom ended up marrying the man I call my dad when I was twelve. He raised my sister and I like we were his and he is the man that I give credit to for the person that I am today. I learned that you cannot be with someone just because you have kids together, if there is no love between the two of you, then everyone suffers. The five life changing events that I have discussed are just a few of the experiences that have made me the person that I am today. You learn from the things you experience growing up and when you are an adult. I wouldn’ t change anything about my life, except maybe to have my grandfatherShow MoreRelatedProject Management And Terms Of Its Processes1047 Words   |  5 Pagesprogress. This is accomplished by using trends and information of previously completed parts the project manager can predict future status of the project. (Schwalbe, 2011). 3. Individualize Blake and Mouton’s five basic modes for handling conflicts by reflecting on the method most comfortable for you as well as the method least comfortable for you. †¢ Most comfortable - Compromise mode where the project manager uses a give and take approach. You bring a level of satisfaction to all parties involved. I useRead MoreHow Do You Actively Support And Your Key Communities? Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesHow do you actively support and strengthen your key communities? This is accomplished through community activity and involvement. 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Stanford Hospitals And Clinics ( Shc ) - 1066 Words

Stanford Hospitals and Clinics (SHC) is a world renowned academic health system that is comprised of 386 primary and specialty care clinics and the 476 bed Stanford Hospital (US News World, 2015). The hospital and most clinics are situated in Stanford, California or the surrounding cities. The mission of SHC is â€Å"to care, to educate, and to discover for the benefit of patients and the larger community† (Denend, Mendelson Zenios, 2010). They exemplify this mission by being nationally ranked in 13 adult specialties, including: #9 in ear, nose, and throat; #10 in cancer; #13 in diabetes; and #18 in cardiology (US News and World Report, 2015). Their excellent across multiple disciplines has helped SHC gain worldwide recognition for†¦show more content†¦The CareCast CPOE system in this organization failed in part to poor planning, poor governance, and lack of financial commitment. There must be a visible and sustained top down support to complete the implementati on process, which is expected to be a 3 to 6 year commitment. 2. The $60 million IT infrastructure improvement completed by SHC in 2005 provided enough improvement and stability in the legacy systems and network to allow for the EPIC installation. 3. The CPOE system failed due to lack of provider by-in. The use of the Medical Informatics Directors Working Group (MIDWG) will help to establish appropriate ownership and control over the process, as well as deliver a design workflow process and order sets that will be accepted and used by the medical staff. 4. The medical staff has been using â€Å"best of breed† systems and has concerns of loss of key functions. However, they agreed to adopt EPIC, an enterprise-wide system designed for maximal integration and continuity of care throughout the continuum. This agreement was reached without any understanding of a potential loss of functionality in the new system, and an assumption the new system will be acceptable to the physicians once installed. 5. This institution’s reputation of excellence was established through cutting edge care. The assumption is anShow MoreRelatedUniversity Emr Implementation : Case Analysis1282 Words   |  6 PagesStanford EMR Implementation: Case Analysis This case analysis of Stanford’s Hospital and Clinics (SHC) electronic medical record (EMR) system implementation will focus on how the healthcare organization focused on resolving a problem to meet regulatory pressures and responded to an opportunity to create operational efficiency, by capitalizing on the use of information technology to help reduce costs. We will discuss the organization’s IT problems, opportunities, and the alternatives available to

Crucible Essay Free Essays

Even after doing those things the harassers still end up at fault for whatever happened to them, but despite all that, they were able to regain their lost integrity. In Miller’s play it can be seen that characters were given the opportunity to w hat was right which they used, however it was not an easy for them to make the decisive on of telling the truth. An example of this is when John Proctor refuses to sign his name on an affiliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Crucible Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason Proctor refuses to do so is because he values his reputation and more than anything he wants to keep his good name. Because it is my name! Because cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on t he feet of them that hang! How may live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave my name. † (Act 4 page 143. ) In this quote it is seen that Proctor is trying hard to keep his name clean, and while doing so he does not care about what the future consequences would be. Simi Larry Reverend Hale has citizens who look up to him which places him as a higher authority. Pray you, someone take these† (Act 1 page 36. Here it is showed that Hale possesses p rower over the tizzies and that he is not concerned about the others in town. However tow awards the end both characters lose whatever power they had which causes them to be true to 20th errs and tell the truth and earn back their lost integrity. When the tim e came Proctor realized he en deed to redeem himself. â€Å"A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything, know it no w. I beg you, sir, I beg you see her what she is†¦ She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave ! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance†¦ (Act 3 page 110. ) Here Proctor finally admits y o performing adultery and admits to his past mistakes, even though it has cosseted him his life e. Also Hale does the same, he admits to his mistakes and comes out with whatever truth was aft to be told. â€Å"Let you not mistake your duty as I mistook my own. † (Act 4 page 132. ) Hale after a long time finally admits that he misused his power and he regains his lost integrity while e trying to save the lives of innocent people. Also throughout the play it can be seen that there is change between character s whether it be the character changing themselves or helping other characters change. A good example of this would be from the beginning of the play, when it is seen that Proctor is did slowly to his wife Elizabeth. â€Å"Baby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched, Baby† (A CT 1 page 23). This here shows that Proctor is unfaithful to his wife and that he is also trying to erase the past and keep the truth about his adultery in the dark. In contrast while Proctor w s unfaithful, Hale was being motivated by wrongdoings. â€Å"Why is it all simple. I come to do the devil’s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. There is blood on my head. Can you see the blood on my head† (Act 4 page 131). Here Hale is showing that he has been motivated by the devil to do wrong things. He here believes that he is doing the devil’s w ark. Never the less even after displaying such hideous traits both character’s managed to chi anger themselves and again earn back any lost integrity. How to cite Crucible Essay, Essays

Hercules His 12 Quests Essay Example For Students

Hercules: His 12 Quests Essay Like Perseus, Hercules was required to perform the miracu-lous. But instead of having to bring only one mission to a successful close, Hercules was ordered to complete twelve great tasks, which are often referred to in literature as the labors of Hercules. This is how the challenge came about. Hercules was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, daughter of the king of Mycenae. When Hercules was born, Juno in a jealous anger sent two serpents to destroy him in his cradle. But Hercules, even then showing the strength for which he later became famous, strangled them. Junos hatred, however, was not easily appeased. She waited until Hercules reached manhood and had achieved some fame; then she placed a spell on him that made him insane. In his fit of madness he slew his wife and children. But he was cured by Minerva and saved by her from shedding more blood. In payment for his crime, for which he had really not been responsible, he was made the servant of his cousin, King Eurystheus of Argos, whose commands he was compelled to obey. Junos hand was in this, too. Eurystheus thought up twelve tasks that seemed clearly impossible of fu~llment. The Nemean Lion. Eurystheus first ordered Hercules to kill the Nemean lion, a terrible beast that had defied all would-be captors. The combat between Hercules and the lion was brutal and cruel. .Seeing that his club and arrows were of no avail in the battle, Hercules grasped the lion in his hands and strangled it to death. He returned to Eurystheus, wearing the skin of the lion as a cloak and the head as a helmet. The Hydra, or Water SerpenL Hercules was ordered next to slay the Hydra, a many-headed water serpent that had taken a heavy toll in the country of Argos. The middle head of the Hydra was immortal, indestructible. Hercules attacked the monster valiantly, but as he struck off one head, two others grew in its place. Hercules realized that he must change his plan of attack. With the assistance of his faithful nephew, he built a huge fire and burnt away the many heads before they could multiply further. The middle head, which was immortal, he buried under a rock. The Arcadian Stag. Eurystheus commanded Hercules to capture the Arcadian stag, a magnificent beast with antlers of gold and hoofs of brass. Its speed was far beyond that of the swiftest beast known. Hercules pursued it in vain for a year before he succeeded in inflicting a slight wound. Thus handicapped, the stag was captured by Hercules, who carried it, on his shoulders, to his tyrant cousin. The Boar of Eiymanthus. Like the Hydra and the Nemean lion, a huge boar had been laying waste the peaceful countryside. Eurystheus commanded Hercules to capture the beast. He pursued the boar relentlessly, finally captured it in a huge net, and carried it to his cousin. The Augean Stables. For thirty years the stables of Augeas, king of Elis, had been neglected. Hercules was commanded to clean these stables, which housed three thousand oxen. He succeeded in doing s~in a single day. How? He simply diverted two rivers so that they them. Junos hatred, however, was not easily appeased. She waited until Hercules reached manhood and had achieved some fame; then she placed a spell on him that made him insane. In his fit of madness he slew his wife and children. But he was cured by Minerva and saved by her from shedding more blood. In payment for his crime, for which he had really not been responsible, he was made the servant of his cousin, King Eurystheus of Argos, whose commands he was compelled to obey. Junos hand was in this, too. Eurystheus thought up twelve tasks that seemed clearly impossible of fulfillment. Was wasps intended as pure entertainment or was Aristophenes really serious about promoting political change? EssaySo he stepped up to Hercules and said, slyly, Ill take the apples to Eurystheus for you. But Hercules was clever, too. Pretending to accept the proposal, he requested Atlas to resume the burden of the sky just for a moment, so that he, Hercules, could adjust his lion skin as a pad. Atlas agreed, dropped the apples, and groaned as he once again bent over to receivethe weight of the heavens. When the load was safely shifted, Hercules politely thanked Atlas, picked up the apples, and went on his way. Cerberus, the Guardian of Hades. Eurystheus was desperate, for there was just one more task to be assigned to Hercules. Therefore he devised one that he was sure Hercules would not be able to perform. He commanded Hercules to descend to Hades and to capture Cerberus, the three-headed watchdog of the land of the dead. Un-daunted, Hercules set out. Assisted by Minerva and Mercury, he reached the throne of Pluto. Pluto agreed to permit him to take Cerberus to the upper world, but only on condition that Hercules use no weapons against the monster. Hercules consented; after a terrible battle, he subdued the beast. He carried Cerberus, snarling and frothing, to Eurystheus, who was so terrified when he saw Cerberus that he begged Hercules to restore the monster to Hades. Other Exploits. Thus Hercules finished his twelve labors and was allowed to roam the earth at will, once again a free man. But he did not return to a life of ease and quiet. Before his death, he had many more thrilling adventures, among them participation in the quest of the Golden Fleece After his death Hercules was made immortal. The constellation of Hercules forever circles through the sky. Among other constellations associated with the legends of Hercules are Hydra the water serpent, Leo the Nemean Lion, and Taurus the Bull for the oxen of Geryon. Indeed one explanation associates the twelve constellations of the zodiac with the twelve labors. There is an interesting postscript to the Hercules story. One of the most persistent themes in folktales is the theme of the fatal gift. Someone sends a gift to a supposed friend, but the gift is actually deadly. Sleeping Beauty falls into a long sleep after pricking her finger with a spindle. Snow White eats a poisoned apple and falls down as if dead. Jasons wife dies after putting on a poisoned wed-ding robe. Hercules, too, suffered from a fatal gift. Heres how it came about. Hercules and his wife Deianira were crossing a stream. Nessus was a centaur, half man and half horse. He offered to carry Deianira across, but he tried to kidnap her. Hercules shot the centaur and retrieved his bride. Before his death, however, Nessus told Deianira his blood would forever preserve Hercules love. Later, when Hercules fell in love with another, Deianira gave Hercules a shirt that had been steeped in Nessus blood. Hercules died in agony but was carried off to be with the immortals.